Allergies & Hay-Fever

An allergy is where your body reacts to something that's normally harmless like pollen, dust or animal fur. The symptoms can be mild, but for some people they can be very serious.

Causes of allergies

Things that cause allergic reactions are called allergens.

Common allergens include:

• Tree and grass pollen (hay fever)
• House dust mites
• Foods, such as peanuts, milk and eggs (food allergy)
• Animals, particularly pets like cats and dogs
• Insect stings, such as bee and wasp stings
• Certain medicines

Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include:

• A runny nose or sneezing
• Pain or tenderness around your cheeks, eyes or forehead
• Coughing, wheezing or breathlessness
• Itchy skin or a raised rash (hives)
• Diarrhoea
• Feeling or being sick
• Swollen eyes, lips, mouth or throat

Treatments for allergies include:

• Trying to avoid the thing you're allergic to whenever possible
• Medicines for mild allergic reactions like antihistamines, steroid tablets and steroid creams
• Emergency medicines called adrenaline auto-injectors, such as an EpiPen, for severe allergic reactions
• Desensitisation (immunotherapy) for severe allergic reactions – this involves carefully exposing you to the thing you're allergic to over time, so your body gradually gets used to it and does not react so badly (this should only be done by a medical professional)
• Your specialist will give you an allergy management plan that will explain how to manage your allergy.

EpiPen

If you or someone you're with is having a serious allergic reaction and has an adrenaline auto-injector (such as an EpiPen), you should use it immediately.

Instructions are included on the side of the injector if you forget how to use it or someone else needs to give you the injection. Call the emergency line for an ambulance after using the injector, even if you or the person you're with seems to be feeling better.

Updated on: 26/02/2024