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# What causes acid reflux?

Acid reflux is often caused by a weakening or relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the junction of the esophagus and stomach that normally prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. Certain factors, such as obesity, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, smoking, certain medications, and dietary triggers (such as spicy foods, acidic foods, caffeine, and alcohol), can increase the risk of developing acid reflux.